1- How to enable RewriteEngine for htaccess and localhost
2- Images are not showing after RewriteEngine on
3- Images in second level directory are not showing after RewriteEngine on
e.g. images/1.jpg is showing but images/icons/2.jpg is not showing up
4- Want to change index.php into index or about.php into about
5- Want to change all pages.php to pages.html for site using htaccess
6- Want to Rewrite yoursite.com/user.php?username=xyz to yoursite.com/xyz
7- Want to Rewriting product.php?id=12 to product/ipod-nano/12.html
8- Want to change product.php?id=5 to porduct-5.html

Enable ReWrite Engine

Before rewriting do this in .htaccess file.

Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine on

and after that start rewriting

Images not showing after RewriteEngine on

Solve images problem which sometimes does not show if you enable rewrite engine in .htaccess. I was trying to change index.php to index and when I did that, images from first images directory were displaying (images/) but the second level images (images/icons/) were not displaying. Even when I tried the absolute path, images from images/icons/ directory were not displaying. The trick is that, you have to rewrite images directory as well and similarly sometimes css and js directories also. In this case when I tried the following code, my problem was solved.

RewriteRule ^images/(.+)?$ images/$1 [NC,L] 
# RewriteRule ^images/icons/(.+)?$ images/icons/$1 [NC,L]

First line in above example solved my problem and I did not need the second in my case.

There is problem with Browsers which don’t recognize that folders you typed are not real So there is problem with images and css style. In another case consider the following example.

All you have to do is mod rewrite all your image, css and js folders like below:

RewriteRule ^pictures/images/(.+)?$ images/$1 [NC,L]
RewriteRule ^pictures/css/(.+)?$ css/$1 [NC,L]
RewriteRule ^pictures/js/(.+)?$ js/$1 [NC,L]
RewriteRule ^pictures/php/(.+)?$ php/$1 [NC,L]
RewriteRule ^pictures/([0-9]+)?$ pictures.Php?year=$1 [NC,L]

Redirect index.php to index

Okay, you have to do this with all the pages separately. In the following case I have done these with two pages. Index.php and about.php. I don’t know yet what is the solution for doing it in single line for every page.

RewriteRule index index.php
RewriteRule about about.php

so on…

Important: You have implemented this code in .htaccess file. Now your like for yoursite.com/about.php will be yoursite.com/about. You will have to link the text with this modified call (with no .php) and .htaccess will do the magic where you have defined the rule to change about.php to about. That’s it.

Change .php URLs in .html

Now this one I know. Single line of code will do the magic. You have all the pages of site in php, but after writing this single line code in .htaccess, they will be changed into .html. I mean the URLs will be changed to .html. Link your pages with .html extension and write this code in .htaccess file and you are done.

RewriteRule ^(.*)\.html$ $1.php [NC]

For htm do this.

RewriteRule ^(.*)\.htm$ $1.php [NC]

Rewriting yoursite.com/user.php?username=xyz to yoursite.com/xyz

RewriteRule ^([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)$ user.php?username=$1
RewriteRule ^([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/$ user.php?username=$1

Rewriting product.php?id=12 to product/ipod-nano/12.html

RewriteRule ^product/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/([0-9]+)\.html$ product.php?id=$2

And change product.php?id=5 to porduct-5.html so that http://localhost/product-5.html calls product.php?id=5 automatically

RewriteRule ^product-([0-9]+)\.html$ products.php?id=$1

Done…

Please help me learn and do more with this htaccess stuff. If you know more about this, want to correct / improve these codes or offer more advanced codes to do the same what I have mentioned above, share with me in comments.

Htaccess Mod Rewrite Practical Essential Important Solutions – Update is a post from: PHP Magic Book - Free PHP Scripts, Tutorials and Downloads

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Add this code into your .htaccess file and make sure you change ‘yoursitename’ there.

Options +FollowSymlinks
# Protect Hotlinking
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(.+.)?yoursitename.com/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www.)?google.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www.)?feedburner.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www.)?feeds2.feedburner.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteRule .*.(jpe?g|gif|bmp|png|zip|rar)$ http://yoursitename.com/someimage.jpg [L]

Protect Hotlink the Right Way Using htaccess is a post from: PHP Magic Book - Free PHP Scripts, Tutorials and Downloads

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<?php
global $current_user;
get_currentuserinfo();
if ($current_user->user_level == 10 )echo 'Welcome, Admin';
else echo 'Welcome!';
?>

OR

<?php global $current_user; 
get_currentuserinfo(); 
if ($current_user->user_level == 10 ) { ?>
  Admin Stuff here (leave blank)
<?php } else { ?>
  Stuff Seen By Visitors
<?php } ?>

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<?php echo get_avatar( $comment, 32 ); ?>

You can easily modify this code to show a default customized gravatar to appear if the comment author has no gravater to show.

Just add a comma after the 32 (The pixel size of the image, if you want to change that while you’re at it!), and paste in the URL to your image. e.g.

<?php echo get_avatar( $comment, 80, 'http://www.yourblogaddress.com/my-gravatar.jpg' ); ?>

Now the comments on your posts will have a much nicer image that draws less attention, promotes recognition of your logo, and as so few blogs have a unique default avatar, it shows your attention to detail.

Change Default WordPress Gravatar in Comments is a post from: PHP Magic Book - Free PHP Scripts, Tutorials and Downloads

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# just allow my computer and my IP to access admin of this site
order deny,allow
deny from all
allow from xxx.xx.x.xxx

Where xxxxx digits will contain your IP address. This example will work if you use a static IP. You can check your IP from here.

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<4>.htaccess Code

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase / 
##### ABOVE THIS POINT IS ALREADY INSERTED BY WORD PRESS
##### Michi’s code is BELOW #####
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} wp-admin/
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} !YOURSECRETWORDHERE
RewriteRule .*.php [F,L]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} !YOURSECRETWORDHERE
RewriteRule ^ADMINFOLDER/(.*) wp-admin/$1?%{QUERY_STRING}&YOURSECRETWORDHERE [L]
##### Michi’s code is ABOVE #####
##### BELOW THIS POINT IS ALREADY INSERTED BY WORD PRESS
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

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Copy the following code. Paste it in a file, save it in PHP extension, upload it or use it at localhost – just change the usersEmail value to your email address, if you are already at gravatars website and hit it. Other instructions for customization of script – you can find in the script. e.g. size of gravatar, default image, rating etc.

Gravatars PHP Script for Your Website

<?php
// The users email, passed to Gravatar
$usersEmail = "myemail@live.com";
 
// default avatar to load if Gravatar doesn't find one
$defaultImage = "http://domain.com/default.png";
 
// The size of the image
$avatarSize = "50";
 
// Minimum rating for your site
// Possible values (G, PG, R, X)
$avatarRating = "G";
 
// Border around the image
$avatarBorder = "000000";
 
// URL for Gravatar
$gravatarURL = "http://www.gravatar.com/avatar.php?gravatar_id=%s&default=%s&size=%s&border=%s&rating=%s";
 
$avatarURL = sprintf
(
	$gravatarURL,
	md5($usersEmail),
	$defaultImage,
	$avatarSize,
	$avatarBorder,
	$avatarRating
);
 
print "<img src="" .
	$avatarURL . "" width="" .
	$avatarSize . "" height="" .
	$avatarSize . "" />";
?>

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Options FollowSymLinks Fileinfo
or
Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Fileinfo

If you wish to enable mod_rewrite at the .htaccess level (i.e. only in certain (sub)directories within each vHost and not for all (sub)directories of each vHost), then you must set allowOverride Options (at a minimum) in httpd.conf, and place one of

Options +FollowSymLinks
or
Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

in the .htaccess file(s) to enable mod_rewrite.

In the latter case, it is usual to set Options Fileinfo (and any others) in httpd.conf, and then set Options +FollowSymLinks in .htaccess along with +/-indexes, +/-MultiViews, etc. as desired. Take a look at the +/- add/subtract option syntax versus fixed Option declarations — You’ll likely want to establish fixed baseline Options in httpd.conf, and then use the add/subtract syntax at the .htaccess level. For security, don’t enable any Option unless you’re sure you need it.

If you did not get any clue what the crap was just above, just ignore it and do the following.

Go to Wamp -> Left click at icon in the taskbar -> Click Config files -> httpd.conf
A file will be opened.
Search rewrite in it.
You will get:

#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

Remove hash from the beginning (Uncomment it) e.g.

LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

Save the file. Mod Rewriting is enabled.

Open Notepad or Textpad or Dtreamweaver.
Create new file.
Save it as .htaccess in the required directory or root directory of website.
Copy and paste the following in it.

Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine On

And you are done. Use this .htacces file now to code onward and it will work.
The above, when you uncommented the rewrite thing, you enabled mod-rewrite in wamp.

This case is important when there is involvement of redirecting and the use of .htaccess file at localhost. e.g. When you use WordPress at localhost for development purpose, then this method to allow .htaccess file and mod-rewrite for wamp is good. Its GoOoOOoOooD!

Allow htaccess and Mod Rewrite in Wamp is a post from: PHP Magic Book - Free PHP Scripts, Tutorials and Downloads

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Some PHP developers write code with Globals On.

Left click wamp icon -> config files -> php.ini

When its open, search for register_globals

These must be Off by default e.g.
register_globals = Off

Many developers were used to program in environment of On Globals. This makes programming easier but this method is vulnerable and security risk. You do not have to get variables which you post at the new page where PHP does something in case of Globals On. Sometimes developers still do the same thing.

This is not recommended.

Globals should be off in PHP.ini and scripts should work while Globals are off.

So the reason is obvious. Many scripts you download, you will see do not get variables when these are posted. Those are programmed in environment of Globals On (Easy way PHP Coding).

Next time you download a script and if that is not working, check that Variables are being requested after when these are posted or not.

What to Do

Suppose someone posts a form with his name and email with variables txtName and txtEmail which are text input names. txtName and txtEmail should be requested at the next PHP page. If these are not being called, then you will get Null result which will be empty.

Request these variables in the following manner at the next page at the top of everything where PHP code starts. In case of above example:

$txtName=$_REQUEST["txtName"];
$txtEmail=$_REQUEST["txtEmail"];

Now $txtName contains the name of user and $txtEmail contains the email and you can use these further. When some PHP script is not working, always see that if these variables are being requested by this manner at the next page? If not you can get every variable like this and the script will be working in most cases. You can also use $_Post instead of $_REQUEST.

Another reason is not using proper PHP starting tag.

Wrong Tag

<?

Correct Usage of PHP Tag

<?php

Some servers will output errors if you do not use proper PHP starting tag.

Also read Post and Get if this is not clear.

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If you have already used some social networking website or you are a blogger then you definitely know what the tags are. WordPress offers Tags Cloud which can be customized the way you use it at your blog. By default WP Tag Cloud will generate limited number of tags in alphabetical order. Custom templates for tags can be made which means that you can have a full page of tags as you want it. Look at the 404 page of phpmagicbook. I have used tags to give the users some more options to browse if he gets distracted by ‘page not found error’. I was thinking to give my users all tags option to click at any one. Okay now this is just one use. You can have your own customized tags page which can contain just tags and nothing more. We explore some ways about how we can customize tags/tags template/tags page at our WordPress blog.

Default Tags Cloud

Paste the following code anywhere in your blog theme’s template files (e.g. 404 page, single post page etc.) to see default tags cloud in action:

<?php
if (function_exists('wp_tag_cloud'))
wp_tag_cloud();
?>

Display All Tags

Following code will give you all the WordPress tags which you have used in your blog.

<?php
if (function_exists('wp_tag_cloud'))
wp_tag_cloud('number=0');
?>

Define Custom Font Size in Tags Cloud

Following code will determine the smallest and largest size in your tags cloud.

<?php
if (function_exists('wp_tag_cloud'))
wp_tag_cloud('smallest=8&largest=22');
?>

Random Ordered Tags Cloud

Following code will generate random tags cloud which will not be in alphabetical order.

<?php
if (function_exists('wp_tag_cloud'))
wp_tag_cloud('order=RAND');
?>

Tags Cloud Limited in Size & Ordered by Number of Posts

Following code will generate custom font sized tags cloud ordered by post frequency under a specific tag.

<?php
if (function_exists('wp_tag_cloud'))
wp_tag_cloud('smallest=8&largest=22&number=30&orderby=count');
?>

Tags Cloud Format

You can format Tags Cloud in flat (Default) format – separated by whitespace, list format and array format by using following method:

<?php
if (function_exists('wp_tag_cloud'))
wp_tag_cloud('format=list' );
?>

And there is ASC (Default), DESC and RAND order for Tags display order.
Exclude and Include option to exclude and include tags and more…

Mixing Things Up

And finally with a bit of a magic you can add the bits and bytes into a full story of customized Tags Cloud for your own blog. A possible combination of code and example:

<?php
if (function_exists('wp_tag_cloud'))
wp_tag_cloud('smallest=8&largest=22&unit=pt&number=50&format=flat&orderby=name&order=ASC&exclude=garbagetag&include=mytag' );
?>

Example: Browse Ajax Rain’s tags page to view the full tags option in action.

WordPress has got complete guide about how you can create custom tags cloud page template or how you can customize tags cloud at your blog in a number of ways. Give it a try.

Have your say! Do you like to customize Tags Cloud at your blog or this is not a necessary part?

Customizing WordPress Tags Cloud – A Guide is a post from: PHP Magic Book - Free PHP Scripts, Tutorials and Downloads

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